Gerontology

Gerontology is the study of older people and the issues associated with aging in society. Our program has two goals: to increase knowledge about old age and to improve the quality of life in old age. Our curriculum emphasizes the care and wellness dimensions of aging. Many of our graduates have successful careers as human service professionals, researchers, program directors, administrators and small business owners.

We offer three- and four-year Bachelor of Arts programs in Gerontology, as well as a three-year B.A. degree in distance education that is the first of its kind in Canada. We also offer a Certificate program in Gerontology and, in cooperation with community colleges across Ontario, a Certificate in Clinical Gerontology. Both the B.A. and Certificate programs may be combined with specialization in another discipline. .

Contact Dr. Birgit Pianosi, the departmental chair (bpianosi@laurentian.ca), or see our Admission page for information on registration and enrolling with advanced standing.

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Program Options

3 year BA

A three-year Bachelor of Arts degree requires a total of 90 credits; generally 30 credits are taken per year.

First Year
GERO 1016

GERO 1017

3 cr.*

3 cr.*

Introduction to Gerontology I

Introduction to Gerontology II

PSYC 1105 6 cr.* Introduction to Psychology or
SOCI 1015 Understanding Society or
ANTR 1006/7 Introduction to Anthropology
6 cr.* Science elective
6 cr.* Humanities elective
6 cr.* Elective
Second Year
GERO 2016*

GERO 2017*

3cr

3cr

Optimal Aging I

Optimal Aging II

9cr Gerontology Electives†
15cr Electives
Third Year
GERO 3016*

GERO 3017*

3cr

3cr

Critical Skills for the Gerontologist I

Critical Skills for the Gerontologist II

GERO 3107* 3cr Internship in Gerontology
6cr Gerontology Electives†
15cr Electives

†Gerontology Electives
* Courses offered via distance education

3 year BA for graduates, Activation Coordination/Gerontology Program, George Brown College

George Brown College graduates of the two-year Activation Coordinator/Gerontology Program may seek admission to the Bachelor of Arts (General) in Gerontology Program. Graduates with a G.P.A. of 2.8 (70 percent) or higher will receive forty-two (42) university credits (7 full courses). To enter the Bachelor of Arts (General) in Gerontology Program, forty-eight (48) (8 full courses) must be completed as outlined below.

For more information, please consult the Articulation Agreement Form (PDF).

1. 30 Credits Which Would Include:
i) 12 required credits, as follows:
GERO 2016

GERO 2017

3 cr.*
3 cr.*
Optimal Aging I
Optimal Aging II
GERO 3016

GERO 3017

3 cr.*
3 cr.*
Critical Skills for the Gerontologist I
Critical Skills for the Gerontologist II
ii) 18 elective credits from the following:
ANTR 2016 3 cr. Human Biological Variation, Adaptations and Health
ANTR 2017 3 cr. Human Evolution
GERO 2206 3 cr. Men and Aging
GERO 3106 3 cr.* Theories and Models of Counseling
GERO 3206 3 cr.* Ethnogerontology
GERO 3326 3 cr. Food and Nutrition in Later Life
MUSC 3207 3 cr. Music Therapy and Aging
GERO 3207 3 cr. Health Challenges in Aging
GERO 4206

GERO 4236

3 cr.3 cr. Public Policy for Canada’s Aging Pop.Aging and Human Physical Activity
PSYC 3126 3 cr. Psychopathologie du vieillissement
PSYC 3127 3 cr. Psychopathologie du vieillissement et intervention
RLST 3245 6 cr. Health, Healing and Spirituality
RLST 3315 6 cr. Religion and Passages
RLST 3326 3 cr.* Religion and the Elderly
RLST 3327 3 cr.* Ethical Issues for the Elderly
SOCI 3817 3 cr. Sociology of Aging
WOMN 2357

GERO 3327
GERO 3126
GERO 3127
GERO 3301
GERO 3302

3 cr.*3 cr.
3 cr.
3 cr.
3 cr.
3 cr.
Women and AgingMental Health and Aging
Applied Research Methods in Gerontology I
Applied Research Methods in Gerontology II
Clinical Gerontology I
Clinical Gerontology II
Other courses as approved by the Department and the Laurentian University Senate
2. 18 Additional Elective Credits including:
6 elective credits in science

3 year BA for graduates, Dental Hygiene Program, Georgian College

Georgian College graduates of the two-year Dental Hygiene Program may seek admission to the Bachelor of Arts (General) in Gerontology Program. Graduates with a G.P.A. of 3.2 (80 percent) or higher will receive forty-two (42) university credits (7 full courses). To enter the Bachelor of Arts (General) in Gerontology Program, forty-eight (48) (8 full courses) must be completed as outlined below.

1. 30 Credits Which Would Include:
i) 18 required credits, as follows:
GERO1016 3 cr* Introduction to Gerontology I
GERO1017 3 cr* Introduction to Gerontology II
GERO 2016 3 cr* Optimal Aging I
GERO 2017 3 cr* Optimal Aging II
GERO 3016 3 cr* Critical Skills for the Gerontologist I
GERO 3017 3 cr* Critical Skills for the Gerontologist II
ii) 12 elective credits from the following:
ANTR 2016 3 cr. Human Biological Variation, Adaptations and Health
ANTR 2017 3 cr Human Evolution
GERO 2206 3 cr Men and Aging
GERO 3106 3 cr* Theories and Models of Counseling
GERO 3206 3 cr* Ethnogerontology
MUSC 3207 3 cr Music Therapy and Aging
GERO 3306 3 cr* Dementia Studies
GERO 3326 3 cr Food and Nutrition in Later Life
GERO 3327 3 cr Mental Health in Later Life
GERO 4236 3 cr Aging and Human Physical Activity
RLST 3245 6 cr Health, Healing and Spirituality
RLST 3315 6 cr Religion and Passages
RLST 3326 3 cr* Religion and the Elderly
RLST 3327 3 cr* Ethical Issues for the Elderly
SOCI 3817 3 cr Sociology of Aging
WOMN 2357
ANTR 3047
ANTR 3086
ANTR 3087
3 cr.*
3cr.
3cr.
3cr.
Women and Aging
Public Health and Epidemiology
Medical Anthropology: Medicine, Culture and Society
Ethnomedicine: Cross Cultural Healing
Other courses as approved by the Department and the Laurentian University Senate
2. 18 Additional Upper Year Elective Credits

* Courses offered via distance

3 year BA for graduates, Developmental Services Worker Program, Cambrian College

Cambrian College graduates of the two-year Developmental Services Worker Program (DSWP) may seek admission to the Bachelor of Arts (General) in Gerontology Program. Graduates with a G.P.A. of 2.8 (70 percent) or higher will receive forty-two (42) university credits (7 full courses). To enter the Bachelor of Arts (General) in Gerontology Program, forty-eight (48) (8 full courses) must be completed as outlined below.

1. 36 Credits Which Would Include:
i) 21 required credits, as follows:
GERO 1016 3 cr.* Introduction to Gerontology I
GERO 1017 3 cr.* Introduction to Gerontology II
GERO 2016 3 cr.* Optimal Aging I
GERO 2017 3 cr.* Optimal Aging II
GERO 3016 3 cr.* Critical Skills for the Gerontologist I
GERO 3017 3 cr.* Critical Skills for the Gerontologist II
GERO 3107 3 cr.* Internship in Gerontology
ii) 15 elective credits from the following:
GERO 2206 3 cr. Men and Aging
GERO 3106 3 cr.* Theories and Models of Counseling
GERO 3206 3 cr.* Ethnogerontology
MUSC 3207 3 cr. Music Therapy and Aging
GERO 3306 3 cr.* Dementia Studies
GERO 3326 3 cr. Food and Nutrition in Later Life
GERO 3327 3 cr. Mental Health Problems in Later Life
RLST 3315 6 cr. Religion and Passages
RLST 3326 3 cr.* Religion and the Elderly
RLST 3327 3 cr.* Ethical Issues for the Elderly
SOCI 3817 3 cr. Sociology of Aging
WOMN 2357 3 cr.* Women and Aging
2. 12 Additional Non-Gerontology Credits Which Would Include:
6 elective credits in science
6 upper-year elective credits in any discipline

* Courses offered via distance

4 year BA

A four-year Bachelor of Arts degree requires a total of 120 credits; generally 30 credits are taken per year. A minimum of 60 percent in GERO 1016 and GERO 1017 as well as GERO 2016 and GERO 2017 as well as a 60 percent overall average is required before entering second and third years. To enroll in fourth year, all of the required specialization courses must be completed in the first three years.

First Year
GERO 1016
GERO 1017
3cr*
3cr*
Introduction to Gerontology I
Introduction to Gerontology II
PSYC 1105 6cr* Introduction to Psychology
6cr Humanities Elective
6cr Science Elective
6cr Electives
Second Year
GERO 2016
GERO 2017
3cr*
3cr*
Optimal Aging I
Optimal Aging II
STAT 2126 3cr* Introduction to Statistics
PSYC 2127 3cr* Scientific Method and Analysis II
12cr Gerontology electives†
6cr Electives
Third Year
GERO 3016
GERO 3017
3cr*
3cr*
Critical Skills for the Gerontologist I
Critical Skills for the Gerontologist II
GERO 3107 3cr* Internship in Gerontology
12cr Gerontology Electives†
9cr Electives
Fourth Year
GERO 4014
GERO 3126
9cr
3cr
Thesis
Applied Research Methods in Gerontology I
GERO 3127 3cr Applied Research Methods in Gerontology II
GERO 4236 3cr Aging and Human Physical Activity
15cr Gerontology electives†

†Gerontology electives

* Courses offered via distance

Combined Degree

For a four-year combined specialization, the approval of both departments concerned is required. A total of 42 credits in Gerontology must be completed, with a 60 percent average in all of the core courses. The courses required for the Gerontology portion of the specialization are given below.

GERO 1016
GERO 1017
3cr*
3cr*
Introduction to Gerontology I
Introduction to Gerontology II
GERO 2016
GERO 2017
3cr*
3cr*
Optimal Aging I
Optimal Aging II
GERO 3016
GERO 3017
3cr*
3cr*
Critical Skills for the Gerontologist I
Critical Skills for the Gerontologist II
GERO 3107
GERO 3126
GERO 3127
3cr*
3cr
3cr
Internship in Gerontology
Applied Research Methods in Gerontology I
Applied Research Methods in Gerontology II
GERO 4014 9cr Thesis
GERO 4236 3cr Aging and Human Physical Activity
3cr Gerontology Electives†
48cr Other discipline
18cr Electives

†Gerontology Electives

* Courses offered via distance

Certificate

Huntington has articulation agreements for a diploma in clinical gerontology with four community colleges in Ontario: Cambrian, Georgian, George Brown, Fanshawe and St. Lawrence colleges. The agreements allow graduates of the B.A. program in Gerontology from Laurentian University to fast track in nine months several two-year diploma courses at the abovementioned colleges. Graduates of these community college programs can reciprocally fast track the B.A. in Gerontology either live in Sudbury or Barrie or by distance. Students who have completed both the diploma and the B.A. are awarded the Diploma in Clinical Gerontology from Huntington University. Please contact Dr. Birgit Pianosi, Chair of the Gerontology Program at Laurentian, for further details.

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Coure Courses – Descriptions

GERO 1016 Introduction to Gerontology
This course introduces the subject of aging as it is found in the Canadian context. Starting with a demographic analysis of Canada’s aging population as well as a discussion of ageism and the marginalization of the elderly, the course will examine why we age, what impact aging has on the person and how we attempt to adapt to aging in our relationships and life styles. Most importantly, the course will attempt to develop a positive understanding of being old, as an opportunity for creating new meaning and for cultivating the force of character. (Lec 3) Cr 3

GERO 1017 Introduction to Gerontology II
This course will examine the various ways the elderly are supported and cared for in Canada. Health care, long term care, kinship, social policy, housing and transportation, leisure and spirituality are topics that will be covered as they relate to the elderly. As well, the course will familiarize students with possible careers in the field of applied Gerontology. (Lec 3) Cr 3

GERO 2016 Optimal Aging I
This course outlines optimal aging in terms of historical, cultural, psychological, physical, and personality theories or perspectives of aging. Emphasis will be made on recognizing older adults as a heterogeneous population which is entitled to supportive environments. (Lec 3) Cr 3

GERO 2017 Optimal Aging II
This course builds on the foundation established in Optimal Aging I by continuing the study of optimal aging in terms of productivity, spirituality, social theories, social supports, sexuality and end-of-life issues. Emphasis will be made on recognizing caregiving and supportive environments in association with aging. Prereq: GERO 2016. (Lec 3) Cr 3

GERO 2226: End-of-Life Care with Older Adults
A review of the history and current practices for end-of-life care / palliative care / hospice care establishes the context of this course. Students will learn of the physical, mental and spiritual concerns of older adults as these older adults face their own death or the death of a loved one. Strategies for meeting these concerns will be discussed in terms of non-medical physical, mental, and spiritual comfort. Additional discussion topics include: family dynamics at the end of life, Advanced Directives, funeral rites, body disposal, bereavement care, and working in a multidisciplinary care environment. The method of instruction involves lectures, films, and guest speakers. (Lec 3) Cr 3. No pre-requisites.

GERO 3016 Critical Skills for the Gerontologist I
Students will be provided with a set of skills to enable them to understand seniors and the policies that impact on seniors’ lives. Topics/skills include techniques for managing continuity and change with seniors, policy analysis and development, demographics/epidemiological analysis, professionalism and codes of ethics, legal and ethical issues at end-of-life. Prereq: GERO 2017. (Lec3) Cr 3.

GERO 3017 Critical Skills for the Gerontologist II
This course is a continuum of GERO 3016 and introduces students to skills necessary when working with seniors. Such skills include interpersonal communication, dealing with behavioral concerns, case assessment, program evaluation, proposal/report writing and how to promote gerontology. Prereq: GERO 3016. (Lec 3) Cr 3.

GERO 3107 E11: Internship in Gerontology
This course introduces students to the practice of gerontology through an internship experience in the community. Students will work within settings such as a seniors’ centre, a seniors’ focused program with an agency, or in a seniors’ care facility or residence. The intention of the course is to provide both practical experience and the opportunity for reflection and criticism of gerontological theory. Prerequisite: GERO 1015 and GERO 2015. (Lec 3) Cr 3.

GERO 3206 E11: Aging in a Multicultural Society
The course examines the aging of minority Canadians. A comparison is made of the aging process in their country of origin and Canada. The first part of the class consists of lectures, seminars and small group discussions. In the second part, you are be required to collect information from local minority aged Canadians using case study methods. The reactions of older persons to aging in Canada and their hopes for the future are then assessed.  (Lec 3) Cr 3.

GERO 3126: Applied Research Methods in Gerontology I
This course provides students with theoretical knowledge and methodological skills necessary to conduct applied research in the field of Gerontology (Lec 3) Cr 3.

GERO 3127: Applied Research Methods in Gerontology II
This course is a continuation of GERO 3126, with an emphasis on conducting research in the field of Gerontology and will familiarize students with the issues of seniors and how these might relate especially to rural and northern areas in Canada. As a group, students will be required to conduct an applied research project under the supervision of the course instructor. Participants will design a survey questionnaire, collect and analyze data using SPSS and write a final report. Prereq GERO 3126 (Lec 3) Cr 3.

GERO 4014: Thesis
This course provides students with the opportunity to engage in the process of action/reflection related to a placement in a clinical gerontology setting. The placement is made by the department. The students carry out a specific research project during this placement and submit a 10,000-words thesis outlining their findings. (Lec 3) Cr 9.

GERO 4236: Aging and Human Physical Activity (previously known as PHED 4236)
This course describes the physical/physiological changes associated with aging. It explores both the effects that physical activity can have on other aging processes and the impact these aging process can have on health, fitness and the ability to carry out activities of daily living. Assessment of and strategies for age appropriate physical activity are discussed. (Lec 3) Cr 3.

Elective Courses – Descriptions

GERO 2206: Men & Aging
This course examines the dynamics of aging from a male perspective. Issues men face as they age, such as their physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, and cultural well-being, are discussed. (Lec 3) Cr 3.

GERO 2226: End-of-Life Care with Older Adults
A review of the history and current practices for end-of-life care / palliative care / hospice care establishes the context of this course. Students will learn of the physical, mental and spiritual concerns of older adults facing their own death or the death of a loved one. Strategies for meeting these concerns will be discussed in terms of non-medical physical mental, and spiritual comfort. Additional discussion topics include: family dynamics at the end of life, Advanced Directives, funeral rights, body disposal, bereavement care, and working in a multidisciplinary care environment. The method of instruction involves lectures, films, and guest speakers. (Lec 3) Cr 3.

GERO 2246: Art Therapy & Aging
This course introduces students to the use of art therapy with older adults. The history of art therapy as an therapeutic modality and current trends in the field will be critically examined as they relate to the field of gerontology. Client/patient assessment and the identification of therapeutic goals will also be addressed. Relevant factors such as, dementia, end of life issues, the effects of stroke (ie. aphasia), physical disability, loss/grief, and family dynamics will be explored as they relate to art therapy. The concepts of “best practice,” “the reflective practitioner,” confidentiality and ethical considerations will be examined throughout the course with respect to working with older persons. The inclusion of case studies, role play and art therapy experientials will provide students with opportunities to critically examine and apply relevant therapeutic skills. The therapeutic use and benefits of humour and drama will also be addressed. (Cr 3).

GERO 3106: Theories & Models of Counselling
The course critically analyzes and reviews current systemic and counseling approaches with particular reference to working with aging persons. The theories and models will address various dimensions of the personality within the context of the social networks of the aged. Prereq: GERO 1017 or permission from the department. (Lec 3) Cr 3.

GERO 3107: Health Challenges in Aging
Designed as an elective for students in all disciplines. Examines perceptions of aging held by the elderly family, health professional and community; physical and psychosocial changes; health, health promotion and maintenance, and healthcare policy in relation to quality of life. Students have contact with healthy elderly persons in the community. Class time includes lectures, the use of case studies and student presentations. In seminars, the multidisciplinary group, from its diverse experiences, identifies the issues arising from the interplay between the elderly and society at large. (Lec 3) Cr 3.

GERO 3206: Ethnogerontology
The course examines the aging of minority Canadians. A comparison is made of the aging process in their country of origin and Canada. The first part of the class consists of lectures, seminars and small group discussions. In the second part, you are required to collect information from local minority aged Canadians using case study methods. The reactions of older persons to aging in Canada and their hopes for the future are then assessed. (Lec 3) Cr 3.

GERO 3301: Clinical Gerontology I
An introduction to the concept of the clinical gerontology practitioner as an agent of change. The basic skills of attending and responding are developed. The student learns to demonstrate respect, warmth and genuineness in a one-to-one clinical relationship. The ability to enter the other’s frame of reference is practised and the process of learning how to counsel in different settings is experienced. The student becomes involved in self-examination as a way of defining one’s own personal philosophy or praxis, and is invited to explore the values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviours that impact on the development of helping skills. Prerequisites: GERO 1016, GERO 1017, GERO 2016, GERO 2017 & GERO 3106. (Lec 3) C 3.

GERO 3302: Clinical Gerontology II
A continuation of GERO 3301, with the addition of new core concepts of facilitative self-disclosure, advanced empathy, immediacy and confrontation. Effective helpers are committed to understanding clients as well as to understand the ways in which they experience themselves and the world in general. Effective helpers invite clients to challenge themselves so as to examine new perspectives and to set realistic goals and then act on them. A variety of communication skills are used by helpers to accomplish these tasks including information sharing, empathy, helper self-disclosure, immediacy and principles of effective challenging. The process of challenging others requires self-confrontation and further exploration of one’s personal philosophy. Once again, the learner is asked to explore his or her personal values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviours that impact on the development of helping skills. Prerequisite: GERO 3301. (Lec 3) Cr 3.

GERO 3306: Dementia Studies
This course familiarizes students with various forms of dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease. Methods of caring for dementia patients in institutional and external settings are examined. Students are required to assist in the care of a dementia patient. (Lec 3) Cr 3

GERO 3326: Food & Nutrition in Later Life
This course critically examines nutrition for seniors. Students become acquainted with dietary guidelines for seniors, as well as specific nutritional problems that seniors may encounter. After taking this course, students are able to identify problems with nutrition of a specific senior and assist a dietician in the design of a meal plan for seniors. (Lec 3) Cr 3.

GERO 3327: Mental Health & Aging
This course explores psychiatric disorders common in later life. Students are also introduced to interventions related to these diseases (e.g., psychopharmacology, behaviour therapy). By the end of this course, students are able to assess a patient and to discuss possible interventions with a qualified psychiatrist. (Lec 3) Cr 3.

ANTR 2016: Human Biological Variation, Adaptations and Health
An introduction to the study of human variation within a biocultural and medical framework. The course includes a discussion of relevant genetics, geographic distribution of human traits, growth and development, sexually linked variation, anatomo-physiological adaptations to the environment, aging, demography, epidemiological anthropology, and applied bioanthropology in medical and forensic sciences. Integrated sessions and/or practical Internet assignments familiarize students with the research methods and techniques in this area. Prerequisite: ANTR 1006 and 1007 or permission from the instructor. (Lec 2, Lab 1) Cr 3.

ANTR 2017: Human Evolution
An introduction to the study of human evolution within a biocultural framework. Includes a discussion of relevant evolutionary theory and fossil record, paleoprimatology and primatology (the study of non-human primates) and palaeoanthropology (the hominid fossil record and its interpretation). Integrated laboratory sessions and/or practical Internet assignments acquaint students with the research methods and techniques in this area of physical/biological anthropology. (Lec 2, Lab 1) Cr 3.

ANTR 3047: Public Health and Epidemiology
Essentials of public health and epidemiology are covered in this course. The approach is multidisciplinary and from a systems perspective; considering biotic, abiotic and socio-cultural determinants of health and sickness. The focus is applied with emphasis on evidence-based critical analysis, prevention and clinical practice. (Lec 3) Cr 3.

ANTR 3086: Medical Anthropology: Medicine, Culture and Society
This course provides an introduction to medical anthropology as well as a critical anthropological analysis of ‘mainstream Western medicine’ and its role within contemporary society. The focus is on the culture of conventional medicine, including a historical and epistemological overview of its paradigms and its dynamics, and the cultural aspects of surgical and clinical practice (as part of socio-economic systems) vis-à-vis the public health and preventive medicine perspectives. Possible avenues to improve health at the community level are explored, using the discussed topics as sources for heuristic modelling. Students cannot retain credit for both ANTR 3086 and ANTR 3085. (Lec 3) Cr 3.

ANTR 3087: Ethnomedicine: Cross-Cultural Healing

This course offers a worldwide cross-cultural survey of the myriad healing traditions, approaches and diagnostic modalities available today in ‘mainstream’ and ‘complementary/alternative’ medicine (CAM). Empirical, theoretical and traditional ideas about healing are examined from a comparative and integrative perspective. The major scholarly healing traditions (conventional Western medicine, homeopathy, Chinese medicine, Ayurveda and Unani Tibb) are examined in greater detail. Students cannot retain credit for both ANTR 3087 and ANTR 3085. (Lec 3) Cr 3.

COMM 1057: Introduction to Management Science
Focuses on basic quantitative techniques supporting decision making for management. Decisions under uncertainty, linear optimization, queuing theory, computer simulation, project scheduling (PERT and CPM) and forecasting are the general topics covered. The linear optimization section introduces linear programming, sensitivity analysis and an overview of its extensions. Prerequisite: STAT 1056 (Lec 3) Cr 3.

COMM 1106: Understanding and Using Financial Information
This course will provide students with an overview of the role of financial information in society and in their own lives. It will increase awareness of ethical and public policy issues. Content includes an exploration of the uses of financial information in decision making from the perspective of managers, owners, creditors, governments and other users. This is followed by an examination, in more detail, of issues involving income, cash flow and economic resources from either ‘management or owners’ and creditors’ points of view. The focus is ‘learning to learn’ based on an interactive environment as well as individual efforts. Integral to this approach is the extensive use of real financial statement data. Throughout the course students will use excerpts from annual reports of corporations, reprinted as they originally appeared. Students will have ample opportunity to develop analytical and problem-solving skills as well as communication skills. (Lec 3) Cr 3.

MUSC 3207: Music Therapy and Aging
This course will outline the principles of music therapy and their application to the geriatric and Alzheimer/dementia populations for musicians and non-musicians. (Lec 1, Exp 2) Cr 3.

PSYC 3126: Psychologie du vieillissement
See Psychology Department for more information. Cr 3.

PSYC 3127: Psychologie du vieillissement et intervention
See Psychology Department for more information. Cr 3.

RLST 2445: Dynamics of Interpersonal Communication
This course considers the nature and meaning of interpersonal communication as dialogue. Resources in Christian pastoral theology are explored to enhance communication skills such as self-awareness, self-disclosure, listening and responding in a variety of interpersonal contexts such as marriage, family life, friendship and work (Lec 3) Cr 6.

RLST 3315: Life Journeys: Transitions, Rites of Passage and Spirituality
This course examines the life journey, and the roles of spirituality and rites of passage in critical life transitions such as birth, puberty, graduation, leaving home, marriage, mid-life, separation and divorce, retirement, institutionalization and death. (Lec 3) Cr 6.

RLST 3245: Health, Healing and Spirituality
This course examines the role of spirituality within different religious traditions in creating a holistic understanding of health and healing. Special consideration is given to the spiritual basis of complementary and alternative medicines as contrasted with conventional western allopathic medicine. (Lec 3) Cr 6.

RLST 3326: Religion and the Elderly
A study of the images of the elderly found in the religious traditions of the world, including the North American Native people. Special attention is given to an examination of the spiritual needs of the elderly and how these needs may be addressed by religious and healthcare organizations. (Lec 3) Cr 3.

RLST 3327: Ethical Issues for the Elderly
The course explores issues for the elderly such as the adequacy of health care, financial security and protection from various forms of abuse. Focuses on justice issues and explores quality of life concerns. (Lec 3) Cr 3.

SOCI 3817: Sociology of Aging
This course is a study of aging and the aged in a cross-cultural perspective with special attention to Canada. Students may not retain credit for both SOCI 3807 and 3817. Prerequisite: SOCI 2036 or 2037. (Lec 3).

WOMN 2357: Women and Aging
The focus of the course is on the problems women face as they age. Topics may include: widowhood, poverty and the double standard of aging. Students also consider the adequacy of initiatives which attempt to address the problems. (Lec 3) Cr 3.

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